Jupiter Ephemeris Generator 2.2 Help
This form enables you to generate a table listing useful information
about the viewing geometry for Jupiter and/or any of its moons as a
function of time. You are free to specify which of a variety of useful
quantities to tabulate. The file returned will contain a single header
line describing each column, followed by one row of numbers for each
time step.
Change History
1.0 (January 28, 1997):
Original Jupiter Ephemeris Generator on line.
1.1 (February 6, 1997):
Added optional columns for sub-solar and inertial sub-Earth longitudes.
1.2 (February 11, 1997):
Added a new ephemeris option ("Pre-RPX #2").
2.0 (January 12, 1999):
Added sub-solar and sub-Earth latitude/rotating longitude options.
Revised user interface.
Added a new ephemeris option ("Post-Galileo").
2.1 (January 31, 2002):
Added a new ephemeris option ("Post-Galileo #2"). Also expanded the
ephemeris time limits for the small satellites.
2.2 (January 10, 2003):
Added a new column option providing second accuracy in time tags.
The start and stop times (UTC) of the table can be entered in a variety
of formats. For example, the following all parse to 0:01:02 UTC on July
4, 1976:
- 1976-JUL-04 00:01:02.00
- July 4, 1976 12:01:02 am
- 12:01:02 am July 4, 1976
- 1976-07-04T00:01:02Z (PDS format)
- MJD 42963.00071759259
- JD 2442963.50071759259
If you want the gory details of how times are interpreted, click
here.
Enter the time interval to be used for the tabulation as a number in the box,
and select the time unit from the choices provided.
Currently, the Jupiter Ephemeris Generator can use one of four different
ephemerides. Under most circumstances the last option is to be preferred since
it is most recent and therefore most accurate.
-
Pre-RPX #1: Slightly outdated JPL ephemeris from before the 1997 mutual events.
Valid for the period 1996-Jan-01 to 1999-Dec-31. It uses JPL ephemerides
JUP071, JUP066 and JUP067.
-
Pre-RPX #2: Best JPL ephemeris from before the 1997 mutual events and Galileo.
It uses JPL
ephemerides JUP100 for the Galilean satellites and JUP104 for the inner,
smaller satellites. Valid for the period 1973-Nov-01 to 2023-Nov-01 (JUP100)
and 1996-Sep-04 to 2002-Jan-02 (JUP104).
-
Post-Galileo #1: Updated ephemeris for the inner, smaller satellites based
on Galileo and Earth-based observations. It uses JPL ephemerides JUP100
for the Galilean satellites (as above) and JUP120 for the inner, smaller
satellites. Valid for the period 1973-Nov-01 to 2023-Nov-01 (JUP100)
and 1996-Jan-01 to 2010-Jan-01 (JUP120). Also, it uses the latest JPL
planetary ephemeris DE405 for Jupiter, Earth and Sun.
-
Post-Galileo #2: Updated ephemeris for the Galilean satellites based on
further Galileo and Earth-based observations. It uses JPL ephemerides JUP166
for the Galilean satellites and JUP120 (as above) for the inner, smaller
satellites. Valid for the period 2000-Jan-01 to 2023-Oct-31 (JUP166)
and 1996-Jan-01 to 2010-Jan-01 (JUP120).
Click on the box to the left of each quantity or set of quantities that
you wish to tabulate. The order of the columns in the table will match
the order listed on the form. Possible selections are as follows:
-
Modified Julian Date
Adds a column containing the Modified Julian Date, a common method
of designating dates and times in astronomy. MJD is equal to the number
of (possibly fractional) days elapsed since 0:00 UTC on 17 November
1858.
-
Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute
Adds five columns containing the UTC date (year, month, day) and time
(hours, minutes) as integers.
-
Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second
Adds six columns containing the UTC date (year, month, day) and time
(hours, minutes, seconds) as integers.
-
Jupiter RA and Dec
Adds two columns containing the J2000 right ascension and
declination of Jupiter. RA is tabulated in units of hours; declination
is in units of degrees.
-
Jupiter phase angle
Adds a column containing the phase angle of Jupiter as seen from
Earth, in degrees. This is equal to the Sun-Jupiter-Earth angle.
-
Ring opening angle to Sun
Adds a column containing the ring plane opening angle to the Sun, in
degrees. This is equivalent to the sub-solar latitude as seen from
Jupiter; it equals zero during a ring plane crossing.
-
Ring opening angle to Earth
Adds a column containing the ring plane opening angle to the Earth, in
degrees. This is equivalent to the sub-Earth latitude as seen from
Jupiter; it equals zero during a ring plane crossing.
-
Sub-solar inertial longitude
Adds a column containing the sub-solar longitude at Jupiter, in
degrees. This is measured from the J2000 ascending node of the planet's
equatorial plane. Note that it is an inertial longitude, not measured
in a frame rotating with the planet.
-
Sub-Earth inertial longitude
Adds a column containing the sub-Earth longitude at Jupiter, in
degrees. This is measured from the J2000 ascending node of the planet's
equatorial plane. Note that it is an inertial longitude, not measured
in a frame rotating with the planet.
-
Sub-solar latitude and rotating longitude
Adds a pair of columns containing the sub-solar latitude and
longitude at Jupiter, in degrees. This is measured in a frame rotating
with the planet.
-
Sub-Earth latitude and rotating longitude
Adds a pair of columns containing the sub-Earth latitude and
longitude at Jupiter, in degrees. This is measured in a frame rotating
with the planet.
-
Jupiter projected equatorial radius
Adds a column containing the projected equatorial radius of Jupiter
as seen from Earth, in units of arcseconds.
-
Sun-Jupiter distance
Adds a column containing the Sun-Jupiter distance, in km.
-
Earth-Jupiter distance
Adds a column containing the Earth-Jupiter distance, in km.
-
Lunar phase angle
Adds a column containing the phase angle of the Moon at the
specified time, in degrees. A value near zero corresponds to a full
moon; a value near 180 corresponds to a new moon.
-
Sun-Jupiter sky separation angle
Adds a column containing the angular separation on the sky from
Jupiter to the Sun, in degrees. A Sun-Jupiter value near zero
corresponds to solar conjunction; a value near 180 corresponds to
opposition.
-
Moon-Jupiter sky separation angle
Adds a column containing the angular separation on the sky
from Jupiter to the Moon, in degrees.
You may also include the positions of any set of inner Jovian moons in the
table. Up to four pairs of quantities can be tabulated for each
selected moon:
-
RA and dec
Adds a pair of columns containing the J2000 right ascension and
declination for each selected moon. RA values are given in units of
hours; dec values are given in degrees.
-
Offset RA and dec
Adds a pair of columns containing the positional offset of each moon
from the center of the planet. Values are given in units of arcseconds,
where the first value is the offset in the direction of increasing J2000
RA and the second is in the direction of increasing dec.
-
Sub-solar latitude and rotating longitude
Adds a pair of columns containing the sub-solar latitude and
longitude on the selected moon, in degrees. These are measured in a frame
rotating with the body.
-
Sub-Earth latitude and rotating longitude
Adds a pair of columns containing the sub-Earth latitude and
longitude on the selected moon, in degrees. These are measured in a frame
rotating with the body.
Finally, click on the box to the left of each moon that you wish to
include in the table. Note that it is not necessary to include any
moon columns at all.
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Last updated 10 January 2003
Mark Showalter